The Origins and Significance of Bagua
Bagua (八卦), also known as the Eight Trigrams, originates from the Four Phenomena (四象) representing the states of earthly matter. These phenomena derive from Yin and Yang, the opposing poles whose complementary energies form Taiji (太极), the binary state of the universe. Consequently, the Eight Trigrams arise from the interactions between Yin and Yang.
The Philosophy Behind the Eight Trigrams
The Eight Trigrams are deeply rooted in the philosophies of I-Ching, Taiji, and the Five Elements (五行). This principle is crucial for understanding the interactions and relationships in the natural world and is significant in Chinese astronomy, divination, Feng Shui, astrology, anatomy, and medicine.
In Chinese metaphysics, the Trigrams represent fundamental principles of reality and existence, manifesting as eight interrelated concepts. Each Bagua (八卦) is visualised as three horizontal lines — known as yao (爻) — which are either “broken” (Yin) or “unbroken” (Yang).
Formation of the Bagua
The Taiji universe exists by replicating the polarities of Yin and Yang, resulting in the creation of the Four Phenomena (四象):
- Major Yang (太阳):⚌
- Minor Yang (少阳): ⚎
- Major Yin (太阴): ⚏
- Minor Yin (少阴): ⚍
The interaction of these Four Phenomena with Yin-Yang polarities gives rise to the Eight Trigrams:
- Qian Trigram (乾卦): Major Yang (⚌) combined with additional Yang energy forms Qian (☰).
- Dui Trigram (兑卦): Major Yang (⚌) interacting with Yin forms Dui (☱).
- Li Trigram (离卦): Minor Yin (⚍) combined with inherent Yang energy forms Li (☲).
- Zhen Trigram (震卦): Minor Yin (⚍) interacting further with Yin energy forms Zhen (☳).
- Xun Trigram (巽卦): Minor Yang (⚎) combined with inherent Yang energies forms Xun (☴).
- Kan Trigram (坎卦): Minor Yang (⚎) combined with inherent Yin energy forms Kan (☵).
- Gen Trigram (艮卦): Major Yin (⚏) interacting with Yang energy forms Gen (☶).
- Kun Trigram (坤卦): Major Yin (⚏) combined with additional Yin energy forms Kun (☷).
Each Trigram is associated with a specific number and follows this order: Qian (☰, 1), Dui (☱, 2), Li (☲, 3), Zhen (☳, 4), Xun (☴, 5), Kan (☵, 6), Gen (☶, 7), Kun (☷, 8).
Representations of the Bagua
The Eight Trigrams are intertwined with different aspects of the natural world, traditional Chinese medicine, and interpersonal relationships. They are arranged in two primary ways: Early Heaven Bagua (先天八卦) and Later Heaven Bagua (后天八卦).
Early Heaven Bagua is often used in divination and is associated with the seasons and time. It represents the universe in its optimal state, where every element and phenomenon is in complete equilibrium and harmony. In this arrangement, the Qian Trigram (Heaven) is at the top, and the Kun Trigram (Earth) is at the bottom. The Li Trigram (Fire) and Kan Trigram (Water) face each other, as do the Zhen (Thunder) and Xun (Wind) Trigrams, and the Gen (Mountain) and Dui (Lake) Trigrams. This arrangement symbolises the contrasting forces of Yin and Yang, representing an ideal state of balance.
Later Heaven Bagua is used in Feng Shui, associated with direction and space. It represents the dynamic flow of energy and the ever-changing patterns of the environment. In this arrangement, the Li Trigram is at the top, and the Kan Trigram is at the bottom.
Contemporary Usage of Bagua
In Imperial Feng Shui, masters utilise the contrast between Early Heaven and Later Heaven Bagua to enhance the Qi flow within a space. This accumulated Qi is believed to attract prosperity and well-being, a principle applied in modern architecture and interior design. The arrangement of landmarks and property orientation can predict life events, health issues, and other extenuating circumstances.
By linking the three Early Heaven and Later Heaven combinations through strategic placement of windows or doors, the Qi energy within a space is enhanced, creating an auspicious environment.
The Eight Trigrams are timeless symbols in Chinese metaphysics, weaving together the fundamental forces of the universe. These symbolic arrangements have guided sages and scholars for centuries, offering insights into the interplay of Yin and Yang, the dynamics of energy, and the ever-shifting patterns of existence.
